In the heart of Central America, communities in Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras face a persistent challenge: extortion. This scourge, fuelled by violence and instability, affects not just individuals, but also the entire social fabric of communities. Besides imposing an economic cost, extortion threatens the emotional and social stability of its victims.

Recognizing the different types of extortion is the first step in fighting it effectively and protecting our communities.

This manual explores the various faces of extortion, from the most traditional forms to the most sophisticated tactics employed by criminals. Through concrete examples and detailed analyses, this manual provides an overview of how extortion manifests in different contexts, and what the government, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), the business sector and communities are doing to address this social problem.

This manual is divided into six modules, with the goal of clearly and accessibly explaining the impact of extortion at the community level, as well as strategies to address it. These modules are:

  • MODULE 1: What is extortion?
  • MODULE 2: What is the impact of extortion at the local level?
  • MODULE 3: How can extortion be addressed?
  • MODULE 4: What should I do if someone tries to extort me?
  • MODULE 5: How can community action be turned into an initiative against extortion?
  • MODULE 6: How can the community monitor and provide support to victims of extortion?

This manual was first published in 2021. This new version updates focus areas and responses by different sectors to address extortion. It is intended to be a vital tool for communities so they can show a unified front against extortion.

This document has been updated thanks to the generous support of the people of the United States through USAID. The content of this document is the responsibility of the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime, and does not necessarily reflect the viewpoint of USAID or the United States government.